Here is my set up. This one is pricey initially, but checks all your requirements: Breville InFizz Fusion - mechanical (no need for batteries and has no wires), sturdy and designed to carbonate any liquid, not just water (the taste in this case is significantly better than just adding carbonated water into the drink). The CO2 tanks are compatible with old sodastream, which has multiple generic alternatives.

I also got myself a 10lbs CO2 cylinder and refill adapter woth hose on amazon, so I am refilling smaller tanks myself from it and refill the large tank once every 1-2 years in local welding supply store for $40.

I do recommend to have around 4-5 small tanks and 2 extra bottles for different sodas.

Pathophysiology and risk factors are actually a pretty much half of the curriculum for a separate medical specialty. Here are some resources for a different depth levels of this rabbit hole:

Basic level: https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/risk-factors/risk-factors.html

Moderate to deep:

• Obesity Pillars journal (open access) https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/obesity-pillars

• decent book: Handbook of Obesity 4th edition Vol 1 by George A. Bray and Claude Bouchar, available free on Anna’s Archive or can be bought on Amazon

Too deep (mostly for medical professionals) and more expensive: Course of lectures at Columbia university: https://www.ihn.cuimc.columbia.edu/education/continuing-medical-education-cme/columbia-cornell-obesity-medicine

T1D who don’t take their insulin won’t gain weight because of vomiting and dying from diabetic ketoacidosis. Sorry, but is is a horrible example and whoever has DM type 1, please take your insulin. People are really dying from DKA and while it is hard to prevent some factors triggering DKA, compliance with insulin is definitely within our control.

Insulin (and to be more precise it’s baseline level and spikes) is one of the obesitygenic factors. But there are much more other factors there too, and reducing such complex multifactorial disease as obesity to insulin only is incorrect.

Otherwise good paper and thank you for adding full article!